who has the authority to grant a pardon or clemency

The authority to grant a pardon or clemency depends on the level of crime (federal or state) and the specific location. Here’s a breakdown:

Federal offenses: In the United States, the President has the authority to grant clemency for crimes committed against federal law. This power is based on Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.

State offenses: Each state has its own procedures for clemency. In most cases, the authority rests with the Governor. Some states might have a Clemency Board or similar entity that advises the Governor on clemency petitions.