who took control of local institutions in colonial massachusetts by the late summer of 1774

By the late summer of 1774, colonists opposed to British rule, known as Patriots, had taken control of many local institutions in colonial Massachusetts.

Here’s a breakdown of the power shift:

• Intolerable Acts: The passage of the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, by the British Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party, significantly fueled colonial anger. These acts aimed to punish Massachusetts and strengthen British control.
• Massachusetts Government Act: One of the Intolerable Acts, the Massachusetts Government Act, directly targeted local governance. It dissolved the Massachusetts House of Representatives, restricted town meetings, and placed the colony under stricter royal control.
• Patriot Response: In response to these threats, the Patriots formed a Provincial Congress. This alternative governing body coordinated resistance efforts and challenged British authority.
• Local Takeover: Throughout 1774, local committees emerged in towns and counties across Massachusetts. These committees, often referred to as Committees of Correspondence or Committees of Safety, took over many functions previously held by royal officials. They collected taxes, maintained order, and ensured adherence to boycotts of British goods.